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Can Animals Be Moral?, by Mark Rowlands
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From eye-witness accounts of elephants apparently mourning the death of family members to an experiment that showed that hungry rhesus monkeys would not take food if doing so gave another monkey an electric shock, there is much evidence of animals displaying what seem to be moral feelings. But despite such suggestive evidence, philosophers steadfastly deny that animals can act morally, and for reasons that virtually everyone has found convincing.
In Can Animals be Moral?, philosopher Mark Rowlands examines the reasoning of philosophers and scientists on this question--ranging from Aristotle and Kant to Hume and Darwin--and reveals that their arguments fall far short of compelling. The basic argument against moral behavior in animals is that humans have capabilities that animals lack. We can reflect on our motivations, formulate abstract principles that allow that allow us to judge right from wrong. For an actor to be moral, he or she must be able scrutinize their motivations and actions. No animal can do these things--no animal is moral. Rowland naturally agrees that humans possess a moral consciousness that no animal can rival, but he argues that it is not necessary for an individual to have the ability to reflect on his or her motives to be moral. Animals can't do all that we can do, but they can act on the basis of some moral reasons--basic moral reasons involving concern for others. And when they do this, they are doing just what we do when we act on the basis of these reasons: They are acting morally.
- Sales Rank: #1829638 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Oxford University Press
- Published on: 2012-11-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 5.90" h x .80" w x 8.40" l, .85 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 272 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"Philosophers will appreciate the carefulness of Rowlands's arguments, the clarity of his writing, and his understated sense of humor."--Jessica Pierce, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
"An excellent book, not only on what it is for animals to be moral, but what it is for humans to be moral, whether one agrees with the conclusions or not. In short, it is a book on what it is to be moral per se that challenges with skill and imagination goes-without-saying preconceptions of the moral and so deserves to be widely read."--John Shand, The Philosophical Quarterly
"This book makes an enormous contribution to an under-explored topic. It makes a novel and persuasive case that animals can be moral within certain limits, and lays the way for future philosophical and empirical enquiry."--Dr. Tom McClelland, Metapsychology
"Mark Rowlands is one of the rarest creatures today: a genuine intellectual, a fearless interrogator, and a frighteningly capable person who can who can turn his attention to practically any subject and provide insightful commentary.... Can Animals Be Moral? is a brilliant book, superbly written with wit and panache--it will be remembered as a classic."--Andrew Linzey, Director, Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
"In his well-argued book that blends philosophical inquiry with empirical data, Mark Rowlands argues that animals can and sometimes do act for moral reasons. I couldn't agree more. People with varying interests will find this book to be a welcomed addition to their required reading list. Despite having been long interested in the moral lives of animals, I learned a lot from this wide-ranging book."--Marc Bekoff, University of Colorado, Boulder, author (with Jessica Pierce) of Wild Justice: The Moral Lives of Animals
"Rowlands carves out a space where animals can act for moral reasons without being as self-reflective (or self-congratulatory) as humans sometimes are. With clear-headed thinking, he maps out the terrain where ethics, philosophy of mind, and cognitive ethology meet. This book will be an indispensable to everyone concerned about justifying moral respect for animals."--Colin Allen, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Indiana University
"Readers enticed by the title and anticipating an animal rights book for general audiences will be challenged by this closely reasoned work.... Rowlands...has produced both a valuable contribution to animal ethics literature and a fine example of the application of philosophical reasoning to a controversial topic."-- W.P. Hogan, CHOICE
"Can animals be moral? In his book of that title, Mark Rowlands argues that they can be, in the sense that they can act for moral reasons. In Rowlands terminology, they can be 'moral subjects'." -- Mind
About the Author
Mark Rowlands is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Miami. He is the author of fourteen books, translated into more than twenty languages. His autobiography, The Philosopher and the Wolf was published in 2008, and became an international bestseller.
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A Philosophically Rigourous Defence
By Mr M Wilcox
I was pleasantly surprised when I started reading this book. There are a few philosophers and non-philosophers alike who have come to the conclusion that animals in fact can act from moral reasons. Unfortunately, there don't seem to be any good answers to the question of how animals can be said to do good deeds but also not be held responsible when they fail to do such deeds. The obvious answer is that they don't have the ability to consider whether they have any moral reasons to act in any given situation;they can't have thoughts about whether they should help somebody in need of aid for example. This then leads us to question: why would we want to consider their action 'moral'? If actions are not justified by moral deliberation then these actions don't appear to be 'moral'. So the actions of animals are simply in accordance with their desires and these actions are sometimes coincidentally aligned with the appropriate moral action.
Rowlands produces a substantial nuanced argument to show us that while animals may not deliberate on whether an action is morally justified, they can still be said to be acting morally. He does this by arguing that this conception of moral action that includes a necessary component of deliberation is misguided. While such deliberation would be necessary for one to be considered a moral agent it is not necessary to be a moral 'subject' - a creature capable of acting from moral reasons. An excellent book, both philosophically complex and enjoyably readable. Perhaps what I enjoyed most about it is that the after a short survey of the literature (shorter than is ordinarily seen) a clear argument developed over the length of the book. There were no tangential chapters on minor problems or related issues, just the main argument dealing with the problem at hand. Also, unrelated to the content, it is nice to find a philosophy book that has a cover illustration which isn't a abstract muddle of colour or drab painting!
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Humans can be moral, because are animals
By MARIA RACHMANIDOU
The biological view of morality, which allows the interpretation of behavior, both human and animal. Paraphrasing one of the first works of Mark Rououlants "Animals Like Us" book leaves you finish by the belief that "we may have moral because we are animals." I highly recommend it to anyone who wants to think about what is the meaning of thw word "animal" . Even (perhaps especially)to those people that their religion compels them to put humans on a pedestal "crowned" with morality, as a privilege.
2 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
very engaging
By Justin Senno
The guy who I saw reading it on the train seemed really into it. And he was wearing a scarf so he knows books.
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